Virtual Bonds; Real Emotions: Systematic Review Exploring Online Social Connections and Adolescent Mental Health

Abstract

Systematic review of 23 studies (2010–2024) on adolescents (ages 10–18) linking online social connection (structure, function, quality) with mental health. Findings highlight nuanced, bidirectional effects: online-only friendships can be protective (esp. for suicidal ideation), social capital in gaming linked to well-being, and gendered effects of active vs. passive use; perceived online support reduces depressed mood when received but can worsen mood if absent.